Dry Spring Raises Forage Concerns Across North Dakota

North Dakota ranchers are beginning to brace for potential forage shortages as dry weather and slow pasture growth continue across much of the state heading into summer grazing season.

Extension specialists say below normal precipitation and cooler than average temperatures this spring have delayed forage development on both pasture and hay ground, raising concerns about grazing capacity later this year.

Large portions of western and central North Dakota have received far less moisture than normal during the key spring growing period. In some areas, rainfall totals over the last two months have been extremely limited, creating stress on cool season grasses that make up the bulk of the state’s forage production.

Specialists with North Dakota State University Extension warn that ranchers may need to prepare for reduced pasture yields and lighter hay supplies if dry conditions continue through June.

Because most forage growth in the Northern Plains happens during the spring and early summer months, missed rainfall during that window can sharply reduce production potential for the rest of the season. Extension officials say producers should begin evaluating grazing plans now instead of waiting until pasture conditions worsen.

Recommendations include reviewing stocking rates, monitoring pasture utilization, checking water supplies, and securing hay or alternative feed sources earlier before supplies tighten. Ranchers are also being encouraged to consider early weaning options or reduced grazing pressure if conditions continue to deteriorate.

Water quality is another concern during dry periods, especially in stock ponds and smaller water sources where sulfate and dissolved solid levels can increase as water levels drop.

Extension specialists also caution producers to watch for nitrate accumulation in drought stressed forage crops and weeds, which can create health risks for cattle if conditions worsen later this summer.

Hay supplies across portions of the Northern Plains remain relatively available for now, but analysts warn prices could move higher quickly if widespread drought conditions expand deeper into the grazing season.

Agriculture specialists say the key for producers is having a drought plan in place early with specific trigger points for management decisions before forage supplies become critically short.